Monga chigawo chofunikira cholumikizira mu ma hydraulic system, ntchito yayikulu yolumikizira ma hydraulic ndikuwonetsetsa kufalikira kodalirika komanso koyenera kwa hydraulic fluid (nthawi zambiri mafuta) pakati pa mapaipi ndi zigawo, ndikusunga kukakamiza kwa dongosolo ndikuletsa kutayikira. Mfundo yawo yogwiritsira ntchito ikukhudzana ndi mgwirizano wamakina amadzimadzi, ukadaulo wosindikiza zinthu, komanso kapangidwe kawo. Kusanthula kotsatiraku kumayang'ana pa mapangidwe apangidwe, njira zosindikizira, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito pansi pa zochitika zamphamvu.
1. Mapangidwe Apangidwe ndi Makhalidwe Ofunika Kwambiri
Mapangidwe a cholumikizira cha hydraulic nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magawo atatu: thupi lalikulu (gawo lolumikizira), msonkhano wosindikiza, ndi makina otsekera. Thupi lalikulu limayang'anira kulumikizana ndi mizere ya hydraulic (monga mapaipi achitsulo ndi ma hoses) kapena zida zama hydraulic (monga mapampu, ma valve, ndi masilinda). Mapangidwe ake amkati a khoma ayenera kufanana ndi kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe a njira yamadzimadzi. Chosindikizira ndicho gawo lalikulu la magwiridwe antchito, ndipo mawonekedwe odziwika bwino ndi O-ring'ono (rabala kapena polyurethane), ma gaskets ophatikizika (zophatikizira zachitsulo ndi mphira), kapena zomata zolimba (monga zozungulira / zozungulira). Njira yotsekera imateteza ndikuletsa kumasuka kwa cholumikizira kudzera muzolumikizana ndi ulusi (monga miyezo ya NPT ndi BSPP), zolumikizira (monga zolumikizira za SAE J514), kapena -zolumikizana mwachangu (monga{7}}kuthamanga mwachangu{8}kusintha zolumikizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina omanga).
Kuchokera pamawonedwe ogwirira ntchito, ma hydraulic connectors ayenera panthawi imodzimodzi kukwaniritsa zofunikira zitatu: choyamba, kukhazikitsa njira yamadzimadzi yosalekeza kuti muwonetsetse kuti mafuta akuyenda mopanda malire; chachiwiri, kupirira dongosolo ntchito kuthamanga (kawirikawiri 10-50 MPa, koma oposa 100 MPa mu zinthu kwambiri) popanda mapindikidwe pulasitiki kapena kupasuka; ndipo chachitatu, sungani kupanikizika kwadongosolo kokhazikika mwa kutsekereza njira zotuluka mkati ndi kunja kudzera mu gawo losindikiza.
2. Njira Yosindikizira: Mphamvu Yamphamvu Yoyendetsedwa ndi Kupanikizika
Kusindikiza kwa zida za hydraulic ndiye maziko a ntchito yawo. Mfundo yake idakhazikitsidwa panjira ziwiri za "pressure self-tightening" ndi "pre{2}}compression compensation." Dongosolo la hydraulic likatsegulidwa, madzimadziwo amapanga mphamvu yoyambira pansi pa mpope. Panthawiyi, mphamvu yopondereza pa gawo losindikiza limawonjezeka pamene kuthamanga kumakwera. Mwachitsanzo, O-ring'ono imapanikizidwa mozungulira, ndipo malo ake olumikizirana ndi kupsinjika kumawonjezeka nthawi imodzi, kudzaza mipata yaying'ono pakati pa thupi lalikulu ndi cholumikizira (monga maenje obwera chifukwa cha kukhwinyanika kwa pamwamba). Kwa zosindikizira (monga 74℃taper angle ya hydraulic pipe fittings), mkulu-mafuta opanikizika amasinthasintha pa malo otsetsereka, kukankhira malo osindikizira pafupi, kumapanga zotsatira zabwino: "kuthamanga kwapamwamba, chisindikizo chimalimba."
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti kusindikiza sikudalira kusinthasintha kwa zinthu. -mapangidwe oponderezedwa ndi ofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, O-mphete zimafunika 15%-30% compression ratio poiika (mtengo wake umadalira kulimba kwa mphira ndi kutentha kwa ntchito) kuti atsimikizire kusindikizidwa koyamba ngakhale pansi pa zovuta zochepa. Pansi pa{{8}zovuta kwambiri, chinthu chosindikiziracho chimayenera kusamva kutulutsa (mwachitsanzo, fiber-reinforced polyurethane O{11}}ring'ono) komanso yosagwira ntchito ku media corrosion (mwachitsanzo, fluoroelastomer yoyenera kumadzimadzi a phosphate ester hydraulic). Kukanikizana kosakwanira{12}}kungayambitse kuchucha pang'ono-kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono, pomwe kukanikiza kwambiri kumatha kupangitsa kuti patsekeke patsekeke kapena kupangitsa kuti kulumikiza ndi kuvula zikhale zovuta.
3. Kukhazikika Kwantchito pansi pa Mphamvu Zogwirira Ntchito
Pogwira ntchito, zolumikizira zama hydraulic ziyenera kupirira kusinthasintha kwamphamvu pafupipafupi (monga kuchulukira kwakanthawi-kuthamanga kwa hydraulic shock), kusintha kwa kutentha (kumagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana kutentha kwa madigiri -40 mpaka +120 digiri), ndi kugwedezeka kwa makina (monga kugwedezeka kosalekeza kwa makina omanga). Kuti athane ndi zovuta izi, mfundo zake zogwirira ntchito zimakwaniritsa kukhazikika kudzera m'njira zotsatirazi:
Choyamba, kupanikizika-kutengera kapangidwe kake: Zolumikizira zapamwamba-nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zida zonyowa (monga ma throttle grooves kapena buffer chambers). Pamene kugwedezeka kwa hydraulic kumachitika m'dongosolo, mawonekedwe ochepetsetsa amatalikitsa nthawi yowonjezereka ndikuletsa kulephera kwa chisindikizo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwanthawi yochepa. Mwachitsanzo, -zolumikizira papaipi zazitali zimakhala ndi ma spiral flow chapakati omwe amakulitsa njira yothamangitsira mafuta kuti achepetse mphamvu yakugwedezeka.
Chachiwiri, chipukuta misozi yowonjezera kutentha: Kusintha kwa kutentha kungayambitse kusiyana kwa kukula kwa matenthedwe ndi ma coefficients ophatikizika azinthu zosindikizira ndi zigawo zachitsulo (mwachitsanzo, mphira ukhoza kuwonjezereka pamlingo wa 10 nthawi ya zitsulo pa kutentha kwakukulu), zomwe zingathe kusokoneza chisindikizo choyambirira. Kuti izi zitheke, zolumikizira zina zimagwiritsa ntchito "ring'i yoyandama" (monga makonzedwe ang'onoang'ono a O{2}}owirikiza kawiri O-) kulola kuti chisindikizo chiziyenda mozungulira mulingo winawake, kubwezera kutentha{3}}kuchititsa kusintha kwa dimensional.
Pomaliza, kuponderezedwa kwa vibration: Anti{0}}mapangidwe omasuka a makina otsekera ndiwofunika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zolumikizira ulusi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi zochapira masika kapena zotsekera za nayiloni, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kukana kuti zisamasungunuke chifukwa cha kugwedezeka. Komano, zoyikapo zopondereza zimadalira kulumikizidwa kwa ferrule pakhoma la chitoliro (osati kungokakamiza ulusi) kuti zisunge kudalirika kwa kulumikizana ngakhale pakugwedezeka kwanthawi yayitali.
Mapeto
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito ma hydraulic fittings kwenikweni ndi kuphatikiza "kupanga njira zamadzimadzi," "kusindikiza kuthamanga kwapakati," ndi "kusintha kwamphamvu kumayendedwe ogwirira ntchito." Kuchokera pa static seal preload mpaka dynamic pressure-temperature-vibration multi-field coupling, kapangidwe kake kuyenera kutsata malamulo a fluid mechanics ndi mfundo za material science. Pamene makina opangira ma hydraulic akusintha kupita ku zitsenderezo zapamwamba (monga ultra{{5}high-kupanikizika kwambiri kupitirira 80 MPa) ndi luntha lokulirapo (monga zolumikizira zanzeru zokhala ndi masensa ophatikizika), mfundo zoyendetsera ma hydraulic fittings zam'tsogolo zidzaphatikizanso umisiri wolondola wopanga ndikuwongolera njira zoyendetsera mafakitale.
